Collective Bargaining in the Public Sector

Collective Bargaining in the Public Sector Linda Howerton PHI 103 Informal Logic Instructor: Ms. Tanya Martin October 22, 2012 ? Collective Bargaining in the Public Sector Union membership is today at an all time low. It has been steadily declining since the 1980’s. Private sector union membership has been affected the most, while that of the public sector has remained relatively strong (Devinatz, 2011 Spring). Public worker unions, especially state and federal government unions, must be allowed to continue to bargain collectively to ensure the rights and job security of their members.Collective bargaining allows union members to have a voice regarding their wages, benefits, and working conditions. According to Raymond Hogler, in the â€Å"Labor Law Journal†, Fall 2012, â€Å"The erosion of institutions of collective bargaining will inevitably lead to a diminution of wages, benefits, and working conditions for workers† (Hogler, p. 163). Many public employees, esp ecially teachers who work for the state, receive much lower pay than other professionals. Collective bargaining allows public employees a much needed say about their jobs, wages, and benefits.Whereas teachers, for instance, have lower pay than many other professionals, collective bargaining has ensured that they have one of the best retirement systems. In addition, collective bargaining has protected teachers’ job tenure, thus preventing them from being fired without a due process hearing and other protections. The need for unions were a direct result of the unfair labor practices employed during the Industrial Revolution beginning in the late 18th century and continuing on into the early 20th century.Since there were no labor laws initially, especially regarding child labor, women and children were often employed for long hours at low wages. At one time, women and children made up 75% of the factory work force since they could be hired for lower wages. Children proved more m alleable and adapted more easily to the newer methods employed. Children as young as eight years old were sent to work in the factories or in the mines where their smaller bodies could fit into tight and often highly dangerous places (Bond, Gingerich, Archer-Antonson, Purcell, & Macklem, 2003).Children were also preferred at times to work in factories since their small hands could reach into tight places when moving parts became jammed. There were few safeguards in place to prevent the children’s hands and arms from becoming maimed if caught between moving parts on a machine. During the late 1700s in England, a man named Slater employed a Pauper system whereby he used children from poor families as workers in his mills. These children worked twelve to sixteen hours a day for six days a week.Instead of being paid wages, these children received room and board, thereby alleviating the burden of feeding them from their families. Families of the children were appalled at the tight discipline, lack of heat, and the working conditions in the mills. Many of the children chose to run away. When the employment of just children proved problematic, entire households were hired. The father negotiated the contract and stipulated the conditions for each family member (Tucker, 2005 May, p. 24). During the Industrial Revolution, government adopted a hands-off or laissez-faire attitude towards business.Therefore, business owners could treat their workers however they wished. Since children could be hired for less pay, they were hired in great numbers, working 12 to 14 hour days under horrible conditions. Many of these children became apprentices to the factory owners where they lived in miserable dormitories. They were frequently under-fed, ill-clothed, and beaten with fist and whip. There was a high death rate among child laborers (Hackett, 1992). Since all or most members of the family were working for upwards of eighteen hours daily, the family unit broke down.Childre n’s family contact usually amounted to the few hours spent at home sleeping. Since many families lived in shared housing with other families, family units withered even further. Children received little or no education, were malnourished and sickly, and experienced stunted growth. They grew up maladjusted since they had never been taught how to properly behave. The living conditions were appalling with little or no sanitation. As a result, infant mortality skyrocketed during the Industrial Revolution: over 50% of infants died before they eached two years of age (Bond, Gingerich, Archer-Antonson, Purcell, & Macklem, 2003). It is largely due to the unsafe conditions, abuse of laborers, especially women and children, and the workers’ lack of a voice over their employment that labor unions first came into existence. The earliest unions were established as â€Å"friendly societies† that charged dues to be used to assist workers during unemployment or sickness. It was n’t long before they grew into organizations seeking to win improvements for workers by the use of strikes and collective bargaining.Industrial workers increasingly became involved politically to encourage the passage of laws favorable to them. This drive by workers to increase their political power, as well as the right to vote, was largely responsible for the 19th century spread of democracy (Hackett, 1992). Today, labor unions seek to control the supply of labor. This control over the labor supply enables unions to secure collective bargaining agreements that have â€Å"brought millions of America’s workers into the middle class† (Gitlow, 2012 Summer, p. 124).The fear of being unionized exerts psychological pressure on employers which can often serve as a check on their otherwise abusive and exploitative inclinations (Gitlow, 2012 Summer). According to Givan and Hipp, in a 24 nations study of workers’ views about the efficacy of unions, entitled  "Public Perceptions of Union Efficacy: A Twenty-Four Country Study,† most laborers who belong to unions: feel most positive about the ability of unions to improve working conditions and job security. Women tend to hold a more positive view than men of the effects of unions on job security.Women are generally more susceptible to various forms of workplace discrimination, which creates a greater need for the kind of protection provided by unions (Givan and Hipp, 2012 March, p. 25). Thus we can easily see the importance of unions for the protections they offer workers regarding pay, working conditions, the right to strike if necessary, and most especially, the right to collectively bargain. Unions and the right to collectively bargain are increasingly endangered across the United States.At least 17 states have passed legislation or have bills pending that would severely curtail the right of employees to collectively bargain (Rigiero, 2011 April). According to Deb Rigiero, in â₠¬Å"You are now entering the United Corporations of America,† â€Å"We are rapidly becoming the workplace of the past†¦ the workplace without safety regulations; the workplace without workers’ rights; and the workplace without recognition of and appreciation for the worker† (Rigiero, 2011 April, p. 14). Right to work (RTW) laws have been steadily eroding workers’ rights for many years already.Over 22 states have passed RTW laws. The RTW laws aren’t there to guarantee workers the right to a job, but are instead aimed at the unions’ abilities to collect dues to aid in administering the unions. Under RTW laws, it is illegal to for unions to require workers to pay these dues. Without members’ dues to support them, unions’ power and strength of collective bargaining are severely undermined. Many unions may eventually find themselves endangered or extinct (Lafer, 2012 February 6).Then workers will find themselves without represent ation or even a voice regarding their rights. Those people against public employee unions and collective bargaining feel that public sector employees are receiving excessive pay and benefits at the expense of the American taxpayers (Schulz, 2012 January 10). Unions restrict the authority and management of company managers. In addition, unions may have a polarizing effect between management and the employees of a company. Unions also restrict the ability of managers to deal one-on-one with employees.When unions are involved, management is unable to make unilateral changes that may involve hours, wages, or other issues dealing with employment (University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 2012). In â€Å"Why U. S. should cheer for Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker,† Nick Schulz feels that â€Å"The collective bargaining privilege gives teacher unions political power that is used to block reform efforts and shield K-12 education from entrepreneurial disruptions that threaten established ways of doing things† (Schulz, 2012, Para. 11).Many Republicans espouse school vouchers as the answer to declining test scores across the United States. Vouchers are opposed by teacher unions and most educators who say that they would disrupt or damage our public education system in the U. S. If parents are allowed to use vouchers to choose which school their children attend, then those parents will be able to select the school that best fits their children’s needs and learning style. Whereas this might be great for the child involved, it could pose difficulties for already cash-strapped public schools that would lose some of their state funding.Public school employees who belong to teacher unions should be treated as professionals, yet they receive pay far below that of other professionals such as doctors, lawyers, and engineers. Collective bargaining has allowed public union members to speak on their own behalf regarding their working conditions and job benefits. Publ ic sector unions are currently â€Å"under attack† by right-wing politicians supported by large corporations (McAlevey, 2011 March 7). If public union members are not allowed to use collective bargaining, then they will no longer have a voice in their wages, benefits, or working conditions.Wages could be cut at the whim of management. To finish their jobs for the day, many public employees might find themselves working â€Å"off the clock† since management can require more from them without recompense. According to an article by Raymond Hogler and Christine Henle, entitled â€Å"The Attack on Public Sector Unions in the United States: How Regional Culture Influences Legal Policy,† â€Å"Coincident with union declines, American workers experienced stagnant wages, a diminution of benefits, and overall degradation of working conditions† (Hogler and Henle, 2011 Fall, p. 37). 22 states have now passed right to work laws which â€Å"interfere with unionsâ€⠄¢ ability to maintain solidarity and acquire resources† (Hogler and Henle, 2011 Fall, p. 138). Those states with right to work laws have less union density, as well as â€Å"less equality for their citizens in terms of health care, education, and income† (Hogler and Henle, 2011 Fall, p. 143). Public union employees must be allowed to continue bargaining collectively to protect their right to have a voice in their working conditions, wages, and benefits.Collective bargaining ensures that public union members make a livable wage to support their families now, as well as having a secure retirement pension waiting for them when they retire. Many politicians indicate that teachers earn too much money. A teacher I know now makes below the national poverty level, yet he holds a Master’s Degree plus 30 hours. He is not an isolated case. Many teachers who belong to a teachers’ union still make salaries below the national poverty level. If their pay erodes even fur ther, then many teachers will be unable to afford to continue teaching.Teachers’ and other public employee unions are there to support and protect great teachers, not cover for any â€Å"bad† ones. Don’t we want to hold on to the dedicated teachers who have given of themselves to ensure that all children receive a free quality public education? ? References Bond, E. , Gingerich, S. , Archer-Antonson, O. , Purcell, L. , & Macklem, E. (2003). Impact of the Industrial Revolution. Retrieved Sunday, October 21, 2012, from http://industrialrevolution. sea. ca Devinatz, V. (2011, Spring). U. S. Trade Unionism Under Globalization: The Death of Voluntarism and the Turn to Politics?Labor Law Journal. 62(1). 16-29. Retrieved Saturday, September 29, 2012, from EBSCOhost AN: 59982464 Gitlow, A. (2012, Summer). Ebb and Flow in America’s Trade Unions: The Present Prospect. Labor Law Journal. 63(2). 123-136. Retrieved Saturday, October 13, 2012 from EBSCOhost AN: 7802312 6 Givan, R. & Hipp, L. Public Perceptions of Union Efficacy: A Twenty-Four Country Study. Labor Studies Journal. 37(1). 7-32. Retrieved Saturday, October 13, 2012, from EBSCOhost DOI: 10. 1177/0160449X11429264 Hackett, L. (1992). Industrial Revolution. History World International.Retrieved Sunday, October 21, 2012, from http://history-world. org/Industrial Intro. htm Hogler, R. (2012, Fall). Constitutionalizing Paycheck Protection: What Knox v. Service Employees International Union Means for American Labor. Labor Law Journal. 63(3). 153-164. Retrieved Saturday, September 29, 2012, from EBSCOhost AN:80170928 Hogler, R. and Henle, C. (2011, Fall). The Attack on Public Sector Unions in the United States: How Regional Culture Influences Legal Policy. Labor Law Journal. 62(3). 136-144. Retrieved Saturday, September 29, 2012, from EBSCOhost AN:66687318References Lafer, G. (2012, June 2). Right to Work – for Less. Nation. 294(6). 24-26. Retrieved Saturday, October 13, 2012, from EBS COhost AN: 70466585 McAlevey, J. (2011, March 7). Labor’s Last Stand. Nation. 292(10/11). 22-26. Retrieved Saturday, September 29, 2012, from EBSCOhost AN: 58504081 Rigiero, D. (2011, April). â€Å"You are now entering the United Corporations of America. † Please leave your union card at the border. Massachusetts Nurse Advocate. 82(3). 14. Retrieved Saturday, October 13, 2012, from EBSCOhost AN: 2011071259 Schulz, N. 2012, January 10). Why U. S. should cheer for Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker. USA Today. Retrieved Saturday, September 29, 2012, from EBSCOhost AN: JOE207214460212 Tucker, B. (2005, May). Liberty is Exploitation: The Force of Tradition in Early Manufacturing. OAH Magazine of History. 19(3). 21-24. Retrieved Sunday, October 21, 2012, from JSTOR http://www. jstor. org/stable/25161943 University of Maryland, Baltimore County. (2001, January 24). Pros and Cons of Collective Bargaining. Retrieved Monday, October 22, 2012, from www. umbc. edu/uwaaup/ collective. ht m

Crime Data Comparison Essay

Crime is being committed every second of each day around the world. Citizens of certain communities view crime as unwanted and causes of unnecessary stressors, although citizens from the lower class society view crime as a normal standard for everyday life. Certain crimes across the United States can be directly associated with gender, ethnicity. For instance, woman shoplift more than a man, and men conduct more violent offenses such as murder, armed robbery, and assault are associated with gender specific. The Federal Bureau of Investigations implemented a country wide database known as the Uniform Crime Report, which compiles statistics of criminal offenses from 18,000 thousand agencies that record and report crime data to the Federal Bureau of Investigations. The Uniform Crime Report is an essential tool for compare and contrasting the crimes across the nation and various components of crime causation. This paper will cover the various crime rates of Los Angeles, California, and Phoenix, Arizona, while employing the most recent statistics derived from the Uniform Crime Report. The Federal Bureau of Investigation’s Uniform Crime Reports on numerous crimes that have been committed in different areas, and while emphasizing violent crimes. Violent crimes include acts as robbery, murder, forcible rape, aggravated assault, and non-negligent manslaughter. In Los Angeles, California, has approximately 3,837,207 people as of 2011, and Phoenix, Arizona, has a population of 1,466,097 in 2011, which indicates the population size is quite different. The obvious hypothesis is that Los Angeles posses two times the amount of population than that of Phoenix. The crime comparison data clearly illustrates per one hundred thousand people residing in Los Angeles, California, committed 20045 violent crimes than that reported crime in Phoenix, Arizona, which 8089 violent crimes in 2011. In 2011, Los Angeles had reported 11956 more violent crimes than those compared to Phoenix. In 2011, according to the Federal Bureau of Investigations, the Los Angeles population commits 5.22% of violent crimes  per 1,000 residents with a violent crime rate amount 20045 occurrences, whereas Phoenix has an estimated population of 5.52% of 1,000 residents has commit violent crimes with the occurrence of 8089 (Herald Review, 2013). This signifies that Los Angeles has almost double the amount of individuals with a proportion of 2:1, which means that for every one individual residing in Phoenix, Arizona, there are two people in Los Angeles, California. The crime data indicates that Los Angeles has 44% less dangerous to live oppose to Phoenix. The crime data for Phoenix indicates that residents are 15.8% to get robbed, 2.2 % more likely to get murdered. Despite the number of citizens reported, the amount of crime committed has far greater ratio than that of Los Angeles (Herald Review, 2013). According to the data retrieved from the Uniform Crime Report Los Angeles ranked 95 out of 459 cities throughout California for violent crimes, and Phoenix was ranked number 16 out of 67 cities for violent crimes. Los Angeles has 3.07% of violent crimes when compared to Phoenix, which has 4.64% violent crimes. Phoenix has 0.55% crime and 0.63% for Los Angeles. Los Angeles has the larger percentage because the population is larger. Although the crime rates for Los Angeles, and Phoenix did change between the years of 2011 and 2012, there was a huge change in crime rates. Even though the rates of violent crimes have decreased by 1498 in Los Angeles, California, some crime rates have increased by 1345 in Phoenix, Arizona, although other crimes decreased. A number of factors take place regarding incidents of crimes and why they may have been committed that may explain the difference between the two. According to Schmalleger, hard determinism would be an acceptable understanding of crime causation (Schmalleger, 2013, p. 62). To understand the factors of crime causation theories, theories of crime must be examined because there is more than one factor present when an individual commits a crime. These theories include learning theory, labeling theory, social disorganization, trait theory, social conflict, choice theory, and life course theory. The social process theories, which include the labeling theory and learning  theory, take into thought that criminal behaviors in people are foreseeable based on the interaction with her or his environment. The learning theory is based on the main idea that one must be taught both the emotional and practical skills that an individual will need to commit a crime. These skills are characteristically â€Å"taught† by a friend or family member who shows criminal behaviors them self. The labeling theory is founded on the idea that society creates criminals and crime by placing labels on people who show deviancy. These labels may result in excluded from society and eventually could result in an individual to adopt the characteristics of that label (Gaines & Miller, 2006). The social disorganization theory is founded on the idea that criminal behavior is more likely to occur in areas where social organizations such as schools, family, and the justice system fail to apply control over the community. This means that if the laws, guidelines, and rules of the community or society are not being enforced, criminal activity is more likely to be higher in those communities than those who do enforce the laws (Gaines & Miller, 2006). The trait theory is founded on the belief that psychological and biochemical conditions play a major role in one committing a criminal act. If one has a psychological disorder or a hormonal imbalance, there may be an increased chance that the individual is vulnerable to giving into criminal urges. The choice theory is based on the belief that before one commits a criminal act, that individual weighs the possible benefits versus the costs of committing a crime. If that individual believes they have a greater chance of benefitting from that crime, she or he is most likely going to proceed with that crime (Gaines & Miller, 2006). According to Gaines and Miller, the life course theory is based on the thought that conduct problems such as stealing, lying, and bullying seen in childhood are strong indicators of someone showing future criminal behavior. The social conflict theory states that criminal behavior is founded on the conflict with a ruling social class labeling specific behaviors as illegal because of a social or an economic interest in protecting that community’s  status quo. This is based on the belief that instead of laws showing the values of an entire society, the laws only exhibit the values of the few in society that hold power, and has no oppositions in using the justice system as a means of ensuring that power is kept. If behaviors, such as these are not corrected later in one’s life with improvements such as jobs and positive relationships, wrongful acts of behavior will continue to exist, possibly leading to future criminal activity (2006). The life course theory could explain the differences of criminal activity between Los Angeles and Phoenix as well as the social process theory. The social process theory governs the labeling theory, and learning theory. The development of criminal behavior can be tribute to the environmental conditions. In many cases investigating crime indicate that each crime is different, also the factors contributing to a certain crime can differ. The commonality between the two crime riddled metropolitan areas are the environmental conditions that enhance criminal behavior. In the end crime causation can be linked to several theories but unless mentally unstable should be able to tell right from wrong. References Gaines, L. K. & Miller, R. L. (2006). Criminal Justice in Action: The Core. Retrieved from: http://search.proquest.com/docview/199569524?accountid=458 Schmalleger, F. (2012). Criminology today: An integrative introduction. (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, p.62. The Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2013). A Word about UCR Data. Retrieved from: http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/word

Cultural Border Crossing And Collateral Learning Education Essay

Cultural boundary line crossing is said to happen when a individual is traveling from one societal community to another. A pupil late excelled in her GCE ‘O ‘ Level June Examination and was transferred to an International School of the state from a scientific discipline premier school of the state by her parents. This miss for case will be sing cultural boundary line crossing as she is traveling from a local authorities school to an international school where the civilizations of this international school is mostly typical from her old school ( as this school ‘s system is an version of the United Kingdom ‘s educational system ) . Collateral larning on the other manus is covering with how the scholars build their scientific cognition with little intervention and interaction of their autochthonal constructs. In a simple educational impression, indirect acquisition can be said as a solution to how the pupils cope with the cultural boundary line crossing. There are different types of collateral acquisition ( as this peculiar subject of acquisition is non of the involvement of the authorship, it will non be elaborated further ) for case, for the miss who merely entered the international school, she has learned that in this new school the schoolroom acquisition environment is different from what she has been sing even when she was in the premier scientific discipline school for about four and a half yeasr. She was said to be truly quiet in the category by her Biology instructor and the instructor thought she was sort of non interested in her survey but her consequences showed the otherwise. She did n't anticipate t hat her instructor would see her that manner as she was largely expected to be quiet during the lesson in her old school. Now she learned that she needs to be more actively involved and she is easy going actively take parting in the lesson. This might be termed as dependent collateral type of acquisition. Integrating the learning what scientific civilization entails in the mundane life of the scholar into the scientific discipline course of study in Brunei Darussalam as a scheme for assisting pupils transverse cultural boundary line A cultural attack to learning and larning harmonizing to Aikenhead ( 2001 ) involves pupils in cultural dialogues. This dialogue happens in a state of affairs where larning scientific discipline is experienced as â€Å" coming to cognize, † a phrase borrowed from Autochthonal pedagogues ( Ermine, 1998 ; Peat 1994 ) . The dialogue in school scientific discipline is termed as â€Å" multi-science instruction † ( Ogawa, 1995 ) . Through the cross-cultural scientific discipline learning these dialogues can be facilitated ( Aikenhead, 2001 ) . Coming to cognize is about developing cultural individuality and self-pride ( Cajete, 1999 ; McKinley, 1998 ; McKinley et al. , 1992 ; Richie & A ; Butler, 1990 For most autochthonal pupils, the cultural attack to science instruction in the acquisition of Western is a cross-cultural event ( Aikenhead, 2001 ) . Students frequently made passage from their mundane civilizations associated with place to the civilization of Western scientific discipline ( Aikenhead, 2001 ) . The smoothness of one ‘s ability to traverse cultural boundary line can partially find their success at larning the nature of another civilization ( Aikenhead, 2001 ) . Teachers ‘ aid is frequently needed by these, in the same manner a tourer in a foreign land necessitating the aid of a circuit usher ( Aikenhead, 2001 ) . In short, a scientific discipline instructor needs to play the function of a tour-guide civilization agent ( Aikenhead, 1997 ) . This is where the instruction approaches come into context in which the instructor acts as a civilization agent. As a civilization agent, the instructor clearly recognizes the boundary line to be crossed, escorts pupils across that boundary line, and assists pupils negotiate cultural battles that might originate ( Aikenhead, 1997 ) . A culture-brokering scientific discipline teacher demand to do the being of boundary line crossings obvious to the pupils during the instruction and acquisition by acknowledging pupils ‘ personal prepossessions and Indigenous worldviews that have a intent in, or association to, pupils ‘ mundane civilization. The instructor as a civilization agent identifies the civilization in which pupils ‘ personal thoughts are placed, and so introduces alternate cultural point of position, that is, the civilization of Western scientific discipline, in the context of Indigenous cognition ( Aikenhead, 2001 ) . At the same clip, a civilization agent demand to do pupils cognizant of what civilization he/she is speaking in at any given minute ( e.g. Autochthonal scientific discipline or Western scientific discipline ) , as instructors might unconsciously exchange between civilizations, much to the confusion of many pupils ( Aikenhead, 2001 ) . An illustration of schoolroom ( or labs ) scene in which pupils are made cognizant of what civilization he/she is speaking in at any given minute as illustrated by Aikenhead ( 2001 ) is by holding two different black boards or in about all schools in Brunei would be white boards- 1 for Autochthonal scientific discipline, another for Western scientific discipline. Aikenhead ( 2001 ) explained that one of the boards is used to enter thoughts expressed in the discourse of the community ‘s Indigenous cognition, while the other board is used to show the civilization of Western scientific discipline. By substituting from one board to the other ( cultural boundary line traversing ) , pupils consciously change linguistic communication conventions and conceptualisations. This cross-cultural instruction every bit claimed as Aikenhead ( 2001 ) AIDSs pupils expand their entree to Western scientific discipline without losing sight of their cultural individuality ( Aikenhead, 2001 ) . An option to the above attack is by implementing a technique to recognize any elucidation emerged from the Melanie survey ( Aikenhead, 1996 ) . The thought of the technique is to pull a clear differentiation between the linguistic communication pupils use to research and develop their ain thoughts about natural phenomena, and the linguistic communication scientists normally use. In this technique pupils split a page in their notebook in half, labeling the left-hand column â€Å" my thought † ( personal cognition of an event or account from the point of position of one of the pupil ‘s life-world subcultures, and utilizing its linguistic communication ) and the right-hand column â€Å" subculture of scientific discipline † ( canonical cognition utilizing appropriate scientific linguistic communication ) . The instruction in civilization brokering should advance discourse ( Cobern & A ; Aikenhead, 1998 ; Driver et al. , 1994 ) to supply pupils with chances to to the full prosecute in the acquisition. The instruction should give pupils chances to sound and show their thoughts in their ain cultural manner without being judged for being â€Å" unscientific. Teachers can easy make this by being unfastened yet still being sensible to the pupils. For case, follow more treatment type of lesson instead than teacher spoon feeding the pupils with the cognition at all clip or better known as the ‘chalk & A ; talk ‘ lesson. Students should besides be allowed every bit much as possible to use their autochthonal civilization cognition during any treatment or any category activity. ) . To ease pupils ‘ boundary line crossings, instructors and pupils both need to be flexible and playful, and to experience at easiness in the lupus erythematosus familiar civilization ( Lugones, 1987 ) . Based on different but related research plans in Western educational systems, Costa ( 1995 ) , Cobern ( 1994b ) , and Layton et Al. ( 1993, Ch. 8 ) semen to really similar policy recommendations: we should learn scientific discipline embedded in a societal and technological surroundings that has range and force for pupils ‘ universes, worldviews, or practical experiences ( severally ) that is the instruction in any manner should do connexion or relation with the society every bit good as the technological context. There is a demand for instructors to level barriers between pupils and scientific discipline, by doing the bringing of the scientific discipline content easy understood and supplying a vision of the importance of scientific discipline in their mundane life. For illustration in biological science, the factor impacting the rate of transpiration is besides applicable to factors to hanging apparels outside under the direct Sun. Teacher should show the scientific discipline learning with a different representation to avoid pupils to comprehend scientific discipline as something complex and abstract and in a manner that it is interesting and ever catching their attending and eliciting wonder doing them desire to larn more so they know more. The instruction should be presented in a simple mode in a manner that it should be directing that is utilizing simple 2nd communicating linguistic communication ( most of the clip for Science schoolroom would be English ) so it would be easier for the pupils to hold on the chief construct, for case in biological science, use the term little and big bowel alternatively of ileum or colon severally. The instruction should be inclusive particularly during category activities. It is inclusive in a manner that all pupils are made involved and they have the impression that every individual of them is capable of making what is instructed in the scientific discipline lesson during category activity on any scientific experiment for illustration the ability to utilize microscope to look at micro-organism. Students besides need to be given chance to research and play to show to them the merriment and prosecuting facets of larning scientific discipline. This is like giving them firsthand experiences in scientific discipline acquisition to supply a agency for them to entree scientific discipline, and to get down oppugning their topographic point in scientific discipline ( Howitt, www.aare.edu.au ) . Aikenhead ( 2001 ) one time stated that â€Å" When we perceive our pupils otherwise, our direction can alter consequently † . As a whole, Solomon and Aikenhead ( 1994 ) stated that instructors need to link the class content to pupils ‘ academic involvements by building a span to the civilization of Western scientific discipline out of proficient and societal issues, and out of the history, epistemology, and sociology of scientific discipline. Aikenhead et Al. ( 1998 ) suggested that instruction of scientific discipline should be able to pull upon the cultural universes of pupils and makes sense in those universes. Teaching methods should be developed to take in integrating the content or facets of another civilization into a pupils ‘ mundane civilization and enable pupils to bask and build intending out of Western scientific discipline without the demand to absorb scientific discipline ‘s cultural luggage ( Aikenhead et al. , 1998 ) .

Greek Mythology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Greek Mythology - Essay Example Not long after Agamemnon arrives, he is killed along with the captured Trojan princess named Cassandra, by Clytemnestra and Aegisthus. Subsequently, there begins an effort to avenge the death of the king, Agamemnon, as the Chorus hope for Agamemnon’s son, Oretes, to get back from his exile. Two conflicting ideas of revenge and justice are visible from the stories; Aegisthus and Clytemnestra avenge the death of their siblings and daughter respectively while the Chorus along with Oretes scheme to bring down the order established by Aegisthus and Clytemnestra thereby avenging the death of Agamemnon. Therefore, to conclude who is the real tyrant or victim is a hard judgment in the trilogy as the history of revengeful actions reveal how the feuds originated generations ago and still persist. Agamemnon had just returned from a victorious capture of Troy in the decades-long Trojan War. Earlier he had sacrificed his and Clytemnestra’s daughter, Iphigenia, as a token to ask the goddess, Artemis to bring good winds for the Greeks. This sacrifice saddened Clytemnestra who plotted to kill Agamemnon with Aegisthus who also wanted revenge from Agamemnon. However, on the war end, Troy had been successfully captured and the news was brought home and Agamemnon returned to Argos with Cassandra, daughter of Prius, as a war prisoner. Clytemnestra asks Agamemnon to enter the palace walking over a purple fabric however the King was apprehensive of angering the Gods by this act of extravagance. However, Agamemnon is finally made to walk over the purple fabric as it leads into the palace. Cassandra however refuses to enter the palace while stays quiet and unresponsive of Clytemnestra. Agamemnon has thus entered the palace while Cassandra remains outside with the Chorus. Cassandra, who has prophetic powers of seeing into the past and future, prophesizes that she will be killed if she enters inside the

Markiting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 9

Markiting - Essay Example The Diet Cereals brand is meant to assure the targeted clientele of their health status while still maintaining the delicious qualities of food. The marketing strategy would involve the messages for weight maintenance in order to appeal to the concerns of the target market segment. Matters of convenience and time-saving factors will also be included in the packaging of the message in order to meet the standards of the markets. The middle class urban individuals are informed and often engage keenly with matters of calories and weight. Particularly, the marketing will seek to appeal to the female clientele who are naturally fastidious about politics of calories. The potential employer should develop an element of confidence in my strategy, which are flexible and responsive to the changing needs on the market. The art and science of marketing requires an awareness of trends and the possession of persuasive techniques that would endear to the tastes of the market (Ranchhod and Calin 40). As such, it would be strategic to consider the weaknesses of the dominant competitors in order to respond with the kind of products that fill into the

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY & PROSPECTUS Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

& PROSPECTUS - Annotated Bibliography Example Certain theorists and researchers consider that the problem is related to the personal characteristics of children/ adolescents. Others state that it is mainly the environment, social – including family – and political, that negatively influences the behavior of children/ adolescents within educational settings. At the same time, children/ adolescents with specific habits, such as the participation in video-games that include violent scenes, who are more likely to use violence when they feel that their interests are threatened. Current paper is expected to contribute in understanding the actual causes of violence in schools. Particular emphasis has been given on the relationship between violence and specific social, political and economic conditions. The role of family, as a factor initiating the use of violence, is also reviewed. The paper offers analytical explanations not only on the aspects and the causes of violence in schools, but also on the measures that would be introduced for the control of the phenomenon. Statistical data, recent as possible, have been also employed in order to reflect the historically development of the phenomenon, the expansion of which is continuous, a fact that had a decisive role in choosing the particular subject. The paper of Benbenishty and Astor has been presented in the context of the IV World Conference in regard to the violence in schools; the Conference took place in Lisbon, in 2008. The paper has been chosen as it includes a range of valuable information in regard to the specific phenomenon, as expanded worldwide. A series of incidents of school violence are presented; these incidents have taken place in countries with different cultures, including Japan, USA, Finland and Malaysia. The incorporation of the paper in the reference list of the specific study has been considered as necessary in order to highlight the aspects of violence in school, as a global

Thin Layer Chromatography of lipids Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Thin Layer Chromatography of lipids - Assignment Example The material will dissolve in the solvent and move up the solvent front. (a) A Rf of 1 implies that the compound moved the same distance as the hexane solvent. Therefore, the analyzed compound was highly non-polar because it travelled the same distance as hexane, which is a non-polar solvent. (b) Ethyl acetate is a polar solvent. Mixing it with hexane will reduce the hydrophobic nature of hexane (Nollet & Toldra, 2012). Consequently, the Rf value of the same compound will reduce since it will not fully dissolve in the mixture of hexane and ethyl acetate. The TLC system for phospholipase D reaction will include the enzyme itself, phosphatidylcholine and ethyl acetate as the polar solvent. Phospholipase D will hydrolyze the phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidic acid and choline. Choline is more polar compared to phosphatidic acid; hence, it will move further than the acid. Molybdenum spray will be used to monitor the movement of the separated material. At 2 minute, there is little hydrolysis, which then increases to the sixth minute. Standard phosphatidic will be used as a control in the

DEVELOPING BUSINESS PROCESSES & OPERATIONS Essay

DEVELOPING BUSINESS PROCESSES & OPERATIONS - Essay Example In addition, operations management provides an organization with the criteria for imposing by the market where company operates, according to Slack, Alistair and Robert (2013). Bamford and Forrester (2010) define the aim of operations management to cover the process of decision making and enable organization to develop its strategies. It strives to allow the company to satisfy the needs of stakeholders, foster the long-term success and understand how, where and what for the operations should be located, its resources and relationships are established. To be effective in terms of product or service design, developing or manufacturing, delivering and satisfying customers’ needs, an organization or company needs to efficiently manage its operations that would enable it to achieve more benefit from the services and products its produces. Moreover, high quality of these products and services and cost-available position should also be taken into account. For that purpose operational management is an important line management as it helps organization to display its best performance through coordinating and controlling of the resources needed for design, production and operation of business that at the same time give a company to obtain the highest level of efficiency and value add (Waters & Waters, 2002). Operational management of Swedish company that designs and sells ready-to-assemble furniture, appliances, small vehicles and home accessories is the best example of how its effective management led to the success. One of the world’s largest furniture retailers, the turnover of the company is close to four billion dollars. The company’s major idea is to provide the high-quality furniture and accessories at a low price to enable each individual to purchase them. Ikea is also known for its sophisticated design, logistics and distribution concepts (Larcon,

Operations Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Operations Management - Assignment Example These two early industrial revolutions have made people extremely rich and able to embrace urbanization. Now, the third revolution is underway, and this is represented by the digitalization of manufacturing. It is a fact that this digitalization of manufacturing is likely to transform business and much more. Several outstanding technologies are converging: novel materials, new processes such as 3D printing, clever software, as well as wide range of internet-based services (Markillie 2012). Factories that operated in the past majored in making identical products. For instance, Ford asserted that all those individuals who were interested in purchasing cars had the option of having any color they preferred, so long as it was closely related to black. It is also imperative to understand the fact that the production cost of small batches of varied products that are tailored to customer’s demands, is falling. This implies that the future factories will emphasize on mass customizatio n, and may appear similar to the weavers’ cottages of the 18th century and not Ford’s assembly line. The old fashioned way of making things entailed welding or screwing of several parts of a machine together. However, in the recent times, a product can be designed easily on a computer and the printed with the help of a three-dimensional printer. The three-dimensional printer helps in the creation of solid objects by building up sequential layers of material. This digital design can also be tweaked in order to make it better just by a few mouse-clicks (Stevenson 2011). Since the 3D printer is electronic, it can run on its own without a worker attending to it. Additionally, it can make several complex things which cannot be handled by a traditional factory. With time, it is argued that these 3D printers will be able to make anything from anywhere. For instance, you can give it a command from any part of the world and let it do the printing work. This digitalization is bo und to promote mechanization to unmeasured heights. The three-dimensional printing applications are extremely mind-boggling. High technology parts of military jets and hearing aids are already in customized shapes. Therefore, with the continued improvement of the technology, there is likely to be a change in the geographic supply chain. For instance, an engineer conducting his work in a deserted area, who lacks any engineering tool does not necessarily have to make arrangements for the tool to be delivered to him from the nearest town. What he can do is to download the tool’s design and print. From this development, it is correct to say that days when projects used to be halted since some parts of the construction kit were unavailable, or customers raising complaints for not finding spare parts for items bought are soon becoming quaint. Other transformations are also momentous. For instance, the novel materials used in the factories are light, strong and durable compared to t he old ones. Aluminium and steel products are being replaced by carbon fibre in products such as mountain bikes and airplanes. New technologies have enabled engineers to shape objects and make tiny adjustments. On the other hand, nanotechnology is promoting products by giving them enhanced features. For instance, it promotes the creation of crockery that facilitate easy cleaning, bandages that are capable of healing cuts, engines that efficiently run, just to mention but a

The Impact of Globalization on the Growth of Tourism and Hospitality Essay

The Impact of Globalization on the Growth of Tourism and Hospitality Industry in India - Essay Example Indian tourism and hospitality industry has been poised for a big growth over the last few years owing to multitudinous factors. Among the various drivers of growth of these sectors as a boost for economic development, globalisation and its resultant plea for economy integration of the country with rest of the world is considered to be the key factors. In the light of globalization, the country is forced to keep in track with the needs of the travelers from across the world and find amenities and possibilities to make them happy to sustain the development of the industry. Not only in India, tourism and hospitality is the most sought after service that experience an unprecedented growth and development (Bezbaruah 1999). Indeed, globalization has facilitated the sector in a big way and at the same time there might be some threats, social, cultural; and economic. By virtue of repeated arguments for the liberalization of the economy, India reformed its economic policies in the year 1990 as the first move towards globalization (Bhatia 1995). Since then, there have been many milestones in the service and manufacturing sector that contributed faster economic development than in the past. The globalization of tourism industry and eventual spurt in the hospitality sector has resulted in cross-border delivery of health services for around $140 billion (Chanda 2002). In the first half of the 1990s, hospitality industry has grown at an annual rate of 16% and as of 2007 the total value comes to not less than $34 billion. This is further increased to $34 per capita, or roughly 6% of GDP. It is also estimated that by the end of 2012, the country7's hospitality sector is projected to improve to $40 billion (Emerging market report 2007). At this juncture, the present essay is an attempt to highlight the impact of globalisation on the tourism and hospitality industry. It is understood that globalisation has many dimensions such as economic, socio-cultural, and political and lega l. Therefore, he paper mainly focuses on these implications as a result of globalization. A Brief Note on Globalization The term globalization' was first used by Thodore Levitt in 'The Globalization of Markets'. He used the term to characterize "the vast changes that have taken place over the past two decades in the

Critical Thinking Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical Thinking Development - Essay Example In our daily life we have a lot of decisions to make, important and ordinary both. One can use the techniques of critical thinking in solving the problems of daily life. As a citizen I can apply the techniques off critical thinking in my daily life. For example, in my daily life, how should I manage my priorities and my time, all these aspects are important factors of life that can be well managed by the principles of critical thinking. For example, my personal experience tells me that the moon is largest after it has risen over the eastern horizon or the time when it just sets on the western horizon. It is smallest when it is in the night sky above my head. It is clear to me that it is true; I have seen it several times with my own eyes. But what my personal experience tells me regarding this fact is false in a way. The apparent increase in the size of the moon when it is near the horizon is actually an optical illusion. In fact, the moon is neither closer to Earth nor does its actu al size increase when it is closer to the horizon than when it is directly above my head. For many of us, our personal experiences seem to be the most coercing kind of evidence on which to base our beliefs. But, as the example of the illusion of the moon shows us, compelling personal experiences may result us in believing which is not true. Here, critical thinking helps in searching for the right and correct conclusion which satisfies our mind. In case of teaching and learning, there can be several different strategies used in critical thinking like think/pair/share, jigsaw, one stay other stray, reciprocal teaching, mini-lecture, active lessoning and so on. Among these different strategies I have to select the appropriate method with regard to my subject, content and topic of instruction. Moreover, the main factors of the selection of strategy also depend upon the number of students, intellectual level of students, individual differences, geography of classroom etc. The education s ystem is the brain of society and is correctly called the backbone of any system. Similarly mathematics is called as the mirror of civilization and takes an important and considerable place in the curriculum of higher level of studies. These days, not only mathematics but also social sciences are becoming more and more mathematical. Therefore, teaching mathematics is very much important and essential in different aspects of learning. As a teacher, promoting critical thinking and problem solving in the subject of mathematics is crucial in the future development of successful students. Critical thinking and problem solving go hand in hand and in order to learn mathematics through problem solving, the students must know and learn how to think critically. In my belief, there are two values of teaching through critical thinking techniques. 1) Critical thinking focuses the students’ attention on ideas and sense making rather than cramming their course. 2) It develops the studentsâ €™ belief that they are capable of doing mathematics and that mathematics does make sense. The main objective is to help the students to become familiar of the fact that the problem solving is not a special area but instead it uses the same logical techniques to which they are already familiar with and use in their daily

American Involvment in World War I Essay Example for Free

American Involvment in World War I Essay This investigation assesses American involvement in World War I before military intervention, and how this led to military intervention. In order to assess these causes, one must examine America’s involvement in the war before combat, the events that launched America’s military intervention in the war, American sentiments about the war before military intervention, and Woodrow Wilson’s actions before the war. Two sources used in the essay, America’s Great War: World War One and the American Experience by Robert H.   Ziegler and Woodrow Wilson’s speech to congress on April 2nd, 1917 are evaluated for their origins, values, purposes and limitations. The investigation does not asses the pre-war situations of any countries but the United States, and does not asses American military involvement during the First World War Summary Of Evidence Prior to 1917, America was already deeply involved in the First World War, though they did not have troops fighting in the trenches overseas. First, American involvement in the war was purely as a producer and creditor to the Allied Powers. The war, while catastrophic for the countries involved in its atrophied trench battles, provided America with an astronomical boost to its economy, from 2 billion dollars in exported materials in 1913 to nearly 6 billion dollars in exports in 1916. This economic boom was mainly brought on by Britain’s dependency on American foodstuffs and manufactured goods.. The economic ties between America and Britain tightened with public subscription loans. By 1917, Britain had borrowed 2. 7 billion dollars from American creditors. Historian Paul Koistinen wrote â€Å"Without American supplies, Britain could not continue the war; without American financing of almost 10$ million a day †¦ Britain would exhaust its reserves of gold and securities by March 1917. Its dependence was total. Cutting back procurement . . . would produce disaster in England† Originally, America did nothing but reap the reward of â€Å"neutrality†. When Americas turned their eyes to the stage of war in Europe, they were truly terrified. One Chicago newspaper joked â€Å"A hearty vote of thanks to Columbus for having discovered America†. This sentiment was echoed by many American citizens, who showed pride in President Woodrow Wilson’s decision to declare America a neutral state in the war. Americans thoughts on the war lied in their bloodlines, as a majority of Americans were descendants from either Allied or Central Powers nations. Most Americans, early in the war at least, didn’t understand the war or why it was being fought, and were glad that America wasn’t involved. However, these robust Anti-Involvement sentiments began to fade after May 7 1915, the day of the Lusitania crisis. German U-Boats torpedoed and sunk a passenger liner in British waters, killing nearly 1,200 civilians, including 128 American citizens. The murder of these innocents set off the first widespread pro war feelings in Americans. This outrage was justified, but was also heightened by yellow journalism that demonized Germans as barbarians and deranged killers. President Woodrow Wilson, taking note of this event and the outrage it caused, warned the Germans that any further violation of American rights would result in â€Å"Strict Accountability† for these actions. This, as well as the bloody war dragging on in Europe, brought up the question of military preparedness in the United States. By 1916, pro-preparedness sentiment was widespread, as 135,000 supporters of expanding the military marched on New York City’s 5th Avenue, for 12 hours. In Chicago, 130,000 telephone operators moved in the shape of an American flag, goose-stepping down State Street. In the election of 1916, Woodrow Wilson ran against Charles E. Hughes, who was backed by Theodore Roosevelt, former president and staunch Allied Powers supporter, as well as an advocate for military preparedness. Woodrow Wilson won the election by only about 600,000 popular votes. However, these sentiments were met with an equally strong anti-militarism force, saying that in a chaotic world, America must be a beacon and resist entrance into war, and resist building an enormous military. Strong anti-militaristic sentiments began to fade when British intelligence officers intercepted a telegram sent from Foreign Secretary of the German Empire Arthur Zimmermann to the German ambassador of Mexico, Heinrich von Eckardt. This infamous proposal, known as the Zimmermann note, proposed that Mexico wage war against the United States. Throughout America’s neutrality in World War 1, President Wilson had acted as a mediator, but with tension building to a terminal level and with the Zimmermann note, Wilson was forced to ask congress to bolster America’s military forces on April 2nd 1917. Later in the same year, America sent its first military forces oversees Evaluation Of Sources Robert H Zieger: America’s Great War: World War One and the American Experience Origins- (2000) Zieger is a respected labor historian Purpose- Provides an in-depth look at American involvement in the war. Value- The economic statistics and quotations from various primary and secondary sources allow the reader to evaluate the validity of the claims Zieger makes. Limitations- does not provide any new opinions or claims Woodrow Wilson, April 2nd 1917 to congress to persuade congress to bring the United States Origin- German hostile actions towards the United States Purpose- Persuade congress to declare war on Germany and the Central Powers Value- clearly outlined Wilson’s reason’s for entering war Limitations- doesn’t explain the underlying causes of military intervention or pressure from big business to declare war for entry  Analysis America’s involvement in World War One began with producing vital weapons and foodstuffs for the Allied Powers, as well as economically supporting the Allied nation’s governments. Throughout the war, the German Empire repeatedly acted belligerently towards the neutral United States, sinking passenger lines, killing Amer ican civilians. Tension with Germany also rose after the proposal to Mexico asking the Mexican army to wage war on the United States. These belligerent German acts, however, would not have held as much effect as they did if American political opinions had not been shifted by the German actions, the economic pressure of close ties to the Allied nations, or social pressure brought along by shifting political attitudes. These all contributed to tensions growing regarding American military involvement I World War One President Woodrow Wilson was a stalwart proponent of American neutrality in the First World War for the almost all of the war, but the American political climate at the time forced his hand.. He was able to win this election because most voters at the time had pro-neutrality sentiments. However, Wilson took into account his slim margin of victory, and the Republican’s yearning for a prepared military. These yearnings were brought on mainly by the Lusitania sinking. A major proponent for intervention, the previously mentioned Theodore Roosevelt, denounced these acts of the German Empire as acts of piracy. Roosevelt’s popularity made these statements extremely well heard. This shift in public opinion helped force President Wilson’s hand. America’s involvement in World War One before it entry in combat was extremely vital, producing millions of dollars’ worth of material for Britain and France, as well as financing the war through small loans. This dependency was built by J. P Morgan, who traded nearly 3 billion dollars’ worth of goods with the allied powers. By 1917, America had invested 2. 7 billion dollars in Britain alone. Historian Paul Koistinen’s quote regarding British dependency on American trade shows how deeply entrenched America was with the war’s affairs pre involvement. These statistics show that the allied powers were completely dependent on American economic support American corporations had an immense amount of wealth in the war, and if they Allied powers lost the war, all of their investments would be worth nothing, because the countries that had been responsible for repaying these debts would no longer exist. The war was taking a detrimental toll on the populations of the warring nations, and the war was almost completely atrophied. It was only a matter of time before one side lost, and it was essential to American business that it was the Allied Powers. Had the allied powers lost to the central powers, American financers would have lost 2. 7 billion dollars as a whole, 2. 7 billion dollars that were needed to give to American business, 2. 7 billion dollars that banks needed to stay in business. Throughout pre-involvement America, as early as the dawn of the war, so called â€Å"hyphenated Americans†, had opinions on what side of the war to support, dependent on their country of origin. German-Americans, the largest ethnic group at the time , supported what they thought of as their motherland, Germany, therefore supported the Central Powers. The second largest ethnic group, Irish-Americans, saw Great Britain as an oppressor, therefore were also supporters of the central powers. However, most Americans at the time were still pro-neutrality. A Chicago newspaper, expressing thanks to Columbus, wrote an article on the blessing of the Atlantic Ocean. This was a popular sentiment at the time, and many Americans were proud of Wilson’s decision to be neutral. After the sinking of American ocean liner Lusitania the support of neutrality began to fade. Before the Lusitania disaster, however, 92 ships had been sunken by aggressive German action. None of these attacks had gained as much publicity, partially due to the fact that the previous sinking’s hadn’t been as destructive. But this was also due to the fact that the Lusitania sinking was grabbed onto by yellow journalists. â€Å"The blood of these murdered victims cries for vengeance. If that cry is unheard, the people of the United States will always bear upon them the stigma of the greatest humiliation ever put upon a nation. Writes a reporter from the Toronto Telegram. President Wilson demanded that German U-Boats stop sinking civilian liners, and if they continued to do so, they would be met with military retaliation. This didn’t stop Germans from sinking boats, and Wilson’s failure to take action against them infuriated Americans. Observing the protests in American cities at the time, one can judge that huge masses of people were strongly in favo r of interventionism. Conclusion The process of the American military joining the Allied Powers seemed inevitable from the start of the war, but still took hostile action and over reaction to spark military involvement. America’s pre-war economic ties to Europe and America’s reliance on trade with these nations during the war made America’s involvement with these nations too deep to let them lose the war, therefore forcing combat. Woodrow Wilson’s strong stance on neutrality couldn’t stand up to the enormous pressure he faced from the people of the United States.

The Pros And Cons Of Desalination

The Pros And Cons Of Desalination Desalination is a technological solution that some believe would provide ample supplies of additional water resources.   Discuss the pros and cons to this technological solution and whether or not you support it.   Less than 3% of the earths natural water is viable for human use and consumption. This brings light to the need for a solution to the quickly depleting resource in the rapid growth of population, industry, and increased overall use of water. What is desalination? Put simply, desalination is the conversion of seawater and or brackish water into consumable quality water. To elaborate, this process can be done through a few different methods depending on the location and need for quality, the main process being distillation and reverse osmosis (preferred method). Of the more than 7,500 desalination plants in operation worldwide, 60% are located in the Middle East. The worlds largest plant is in Saudi Arabia. In contrast, 12% of the worlds desalination capacity is in the Americas, with most of the plants located in the Caribbean and Florida. To date, there are currently 23 proposed desalination plants on the coast of California. With these facts in mind it is the responsibility of human kind to weigh the benefits and the consequences of this somewhat deceivingly simple solution. Pros: There is no doubt that an answer to the ongoing discussion of the potential exhaustion of water is indeed overdue. With that in mind, facts supporting the use of desalination as a good alternative remains to be seen. One factor supporting the use of desalination is that desalination can provide a backup water source and a partial solution to a growing problem. While some believe that the use of desalination plants can provide an infinite supply of water and make it possible to put an end to the depleting resource, in reality, as idealistic as this illusion may be, it is far from true. Another favorable point includes the idea that desalination can remove drug contaminated water and other substances such as arsenic and fluoride which is an ongoing issue in places such as Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. It should be noted however, that the use of desalination is not currently present in either place, and the likelihood of implementing a plant, anytime in the near future, is most lik ely unattainable due to topographical and economic limitations. Another supporting idea proposes that desalination may reduce the need to take additional water from the environment and, in some cases, offers the opportunity to return water to the environment. In some areas it is proposed that desalination facilities may help reduce the dependence of local water agencies on climate sensitive sources of supply. Furthermore, desalination is currently an efficient and reliable water source in use among military operations world wide including naval ships. It is also used on some cruise ships as a reliable source of potable water. Cons: Desalination is costly not only ecologically but economically. Desalination costs are subjective due to many factors, which include location and methodology, making comparisons complex and estimates vague. For example, Tampa Bay Floridas desalination plant ended up $48 million dollars over its original estimate and is still not in full working capacity due primarily to poor planning. Previous desalination plants have cost in upwards of an estimated $100-$150 million dollar range, just to start the facility, this does not include what it costs to run after it is already built. Although Costs have come down over the past decade, as technology has become more efficient, desalination still perpetuates a cost of approximately $500-$2,000 per acre foot of water (325,000 gallons), compared with approximately $250 per acre foot for water in urban Los Angeles, and $10 per acre foot paid to the federal government by farmers in the Sierra foothills, according to Haddad, the author of Rive rs of Gold: Designing Markets to Allocate Water in California (Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 2000). Furthermore, the assumption that desalination costs will continue to fall may be false, in fact future costs may actually increase. Another negative factor is that more energy is required to produce water from desalination than from any other water-supply or demand-management option in California, this in turn brings to light the concern of further dependence on fossil fuels. Conversely, it should be noted that the use of fossil fuels can and has been reduced in many facilities by using solar, wind and wave energy to power the facility. According to an executive summary by the pacific institute desalination can produce high-quality water however it may also introduce biological or chemical contaminants into our water supply this will weigh heavily on the design and location of the plant and should be monitored heavily by local government agencies to ensure consumer safety. Desalination produces highly concentrated salt brines that may also contain other chemical pollutants. More specifically, seawater contains approximately 35,000 parts per million of salt. During the reverse osmosis, water molecules are strained through membranes while the salt particles are retained by the membrane and result in a reject stream nearly twice as salty (70,000 ppm) as seawater. Safe disposal of this effluent presents a significant challenge. Additionally and perhaps of the most devastating of the negative aspects to this process is the Impingement and entrainment of marine organisms. This is among the most significant of the environm ental threats associated with seawater desalination. Impingement occurs when marine organisms are trapped against intake screens by the velocity and force of water flowing through them. The inevitable outcome of impinged organisms varies between intake designs as well as marine life species, age, and water conditions. Some resilient species may survive impingement and be returned to sea; however the 24-hour survival rate of less healthy and/or juvenile fish is potentially less than 15%. Entrainment happens when smaller organisms pass through an intake screen to the processing equipment. Organisms entrained into processing equipment are projected to have a mortality rate of 100%. The number of affected organisms will, of course, vary with the volume and velocity of feed-water as well as the mitigation measures developed to minimize impact. Lastly, the use of desalination is a concern because with its implementation and commercialization, the general public could potentially begin a m ore relaxed view of water use than they already do. Meaning, if people think that we have manufactured a solution to the need for conservation there will not be a need to be water use conscious e.g. the more we have the more we spend. This can lead to higher costs to the environment, more unnecessary development and less environmental consciousness. While desalination is what some have considered the holy grail of water scarcity issues, the reality seems quite the contrary. One of the most difficult factors being faced in light of desalination seems to be the idea that desalination has not been in use long enough to perpetuate actual evidence of overall environmental impacts. With that in mind, an environmental analysis conducted under CEQA (California Environmental Quality Act) and NEPA (National Environmental Policy Act) should consider the assessment of cumulative impacts not only of the proposed project but future projects (and existing facilities) in the area. These impacts would include the cumulative entrainment/impingement impacts, cumulative energy consumption, cumulative growth-related impacts, and cumulative wastewater urban runoff impacts. These factors are especially important in areas where pre-existing air quality, water quality and ecosystem health are already compromised. More specifically, developed areas wher e water use is higher and environmental impacts are considered / monitored, have the potential of being the proverbial guinea pig when it comes to testing the idea at max capacity. This information should also be part of heavy public education to ensure a full public understanding of its costs and benefits as part of most growing problems in the world come with the lack of education and understanding. Furthermore, there is little evidence that desal plants are any more or any less of an impact than other alternatives, not because they are incapable of causing issues but more because the potential issues have not been fully investigated. Primarily the concern is that the pressing issue and urgency may prematurely cause major environmental impacts (especially long term) to be overlooked or dismissed as something we can conquer at the time it becomes an issue. This vary idea is precisely the reason why most, if not all, environmental catastrophes currently exist. Question is, when is t he woops factor going to cause all parties involved to finally get a clue? In closing, the benefits and consequences of desalination are vast and seem to be vaguely understood. While on some levels desalination should be considered as a supplemental potable water source, many other alternatives which are far less costly economically and environmentally do exist. These alternatives include treating low-quality local water sources, encouraging regional water transfers, improving conservation and efficiency, accelerating wastewater recycling and reuse, implementing smart land-use planning and fixing leaks in already existing distribution pipes and plants. Furthermore a tax deductible option to home owners encouraging water wise appliances and repair allowances should be considered as an encouragement to fix what we already have. For example it is estimated that US Homes Leak 1 Trillion Gallons of Water Annually, which is said to be enough water to supply the entire state of Colorado for three years! Is desalination the answer? To me, it seems a desperate attem pt to band-aid a far larger and blaringly obvious issue. If we continue to use and waste, as a human species, regardless of the solutions we find, our existence will inevitably be self limiting.

Honda: SWOT and PESTEL

Honda: SWOT and PESTEL Introduction of Business Environment Business Environment is individual and organization that exist outside the business and have influence direct and indirect to the business. Business Environment refers to all those internal and external factors which impact the functioning or performance of a firm and its decision making particularly strategies in the organisations. According to Gerald Bell: An organization external environment consists of those things outside an organization such as customers, competitors, government units, suppliers, financial firms and labour pools that are relevant to an organizations operations Thus, it can be said that environment as the set of external factors such as the economic factors, social factors, and government factors legal factors, political factors, which are uncontrollable in nature and affects the business decisions of organisation or company. Types of Business Environment: The business environment are divided into two ways. Micro Environment Macro Environment MICRO ENVIRONMENT The micro environment of business consists of the forces in the companys environment that affects the performance of the company. These forces are more closely linked with the business than the macro factors. According to Philip Kotler: The micro environment consists of the actors in the companys immediate environment that affects the performance of the company. These include the suppliers, marketing intermediaries, competitors, customers and the public. Micro environment factors are related Suppliers Competitors Public Labour Financiers Customers Macro environment: The macro environment of business includes activities which are uncontrollable and need proper attention on the part of a business enterprise. According to Hill and Jones The macro environment consists of the broader economic social, political, legal and technological setting within which the industry and the company are placed. Macro environment factors are related Political factor Economical factor Social factor Technological factor Environmental factor Legal factor Environmental factors internal to the firm classified SWOT as strengths and weaknesses, and external firm classified as opportunities or threats. Such an analysis of the strategic environment is referred to as a SWOT analysis. It is provides information that is helpful in firms resources and capabilities to the environment in which it operates. As such, it is helpful in strategy formulation and selection. Introduction of Company Hero Honda Motors Ltd. is an Indian manufacturer of motorcycles and scooters. Hero Honda is a joint Venture that began in 1984 between the Hero Group of India and Honda From Japan. It has been the worlds leading manufacturer of 2-wheeled motorized vehicles since 2001.During the 80s, Hero Honda became the first company in India to prove that it was promising to drive a vehicle without polluting the roads. The company introduced new age group motorcycles that set industry benchmarks for fuel saving and low emission. A legendary Fill it Shut it Forget it campaign captured the imagination of commuters across India, and Hero Honda sold millions of bikes on the commitment of better mileage. Hero Honda has developed at double digits since foundation; and today, every second motorcycle sold in the country is a Hero Honda. Every 30 seconds, someone in India buys Hero Hondas top -selling motorcycle Splendor. This celebratory season, the company sold half a million two wheelers in a single m onth-a feat supreme in global automotive history. Hero Honda has a massive network of sales and service network now over 3000 customer touch points. These touch points cover of dealerships, service stations and spare parts stockiest and authorized representatives of dealers which are located across different places. Hero Honda has a proper value system and hence it cares for its relationship with its customers. It has a unique CRM initiative i.e. Hero Honda Passport Program which is one of the key programs of this kind in the world. The program has not only helped Hero Honda understand its customers and deliver value at different price points, but has also created a reliable society of brand ambassadors. Vision The Hero Honda story began with a simple vision the vision of a transportable and an empowered India, powered by Hero Honda. This vision was driven by Hero Hondas commitment to customer, quality and excellence, and while doing so, maintaining the highest values of principles and societal responsibilities and they are believes that the fastest way to turn that dream into a reality is by outstanding focused on that vision. Mission Hero Hondas mission is to effort for synergy between technology, human resources and systems, to produce products and services that get together the performance, price and quality aspiration of its customers. At the same time maintain the highest standards of principles and social responsibilities. Strategy Hero Hondas key policy has been driven by innovation in every field of activity building a strong product portfolio across categories, exploring new markets, aggressively expanding the network and continuing to invest in brand building activities. Manufacturing Hero Honda bikes are manufactured across globally manufacturing facilities. Two of these are based at Gurgaon and Dharuhera which are located in the state of Haryana in northern India. Technology In 1980s Hero Honda company pioneered the introduction of fuel-efficient, environment friendly four-stroke motorcycles in the country. Today, Hero Honda continues to be technology pioneer. It became the first company to launch the Fuel Injection (FI) technology in Indian motorcycles, with the launch of the Glamour FI in June 2006. Products Hero Hondas product series includes variety of motorcycles that have set the industry standards across all the market segments. The company also started manufacturing scooter in 2006. Hero Honda offers large no. of products to wide variety of requirements across all the segments. Key milestone of HERO HONDA Year Event 1983 Joint partnership Agreement with Honda Motor Co. Ltd. Japan. 1984 Hero Honda Motors Ltd. Incorporated. 1985 First motorcycle CD 100 rolled out. 1987 100,000th motorcycle produced. 1989 New motorcycle model Sleek introduced. 1991 New model CD 100 SS introduced. 500,000th motorcycle produced. 1994 New motorcycle model Splendor introduced and 1,000,000th motorcycle produced. 1999 New motorcycle model CBZ introduced. 2000 4,000,000th motorcycle produced. Splendor stated World No. 1 largest selling model. Hero Honda Passport Programme CRM Programme launched 2001 New motorcycle model Passion introduced. One million productions in one year. 2002 New motorcycle models -Ambition and Dawn introduce. 2003 Become the first Indian Company to cross the growing 7 million sales and Splendor has emerged as the Worlds largest selling model for the third calendar year in a rank (2000, 2001, 2002) New model Karizma introduced. 2004 Hero Honda became the World No. 1 Company for the third consecutive year. 2005 Hero Honda is the World No. 1 for the 4th year in a row. 2006 Hero Honda is the World No. 1 for the 5th year in a row 15 million production milestone achieved. 2007 Hero Honda is the World No. 1 for the 6th year in a row New Splendor NXG launched. New Passion Plus launched. New model Hunk launched. 20 million production milestone achieved. 2008 New model Passion Pro launched. New CBZ Xtreme launched. 25 million production milestone achieved. CD Deluxe lauched with power start feature. New Glamour launched. 2009 Splendor completed 11 million production marker. New model Karizma ZMR launched. Silver jubilee celebrations. Hero Honda Business Environment (P)olitical Factors These refer to government policy such as the degree of intervention in the economy. Political decisions can impact on many critical areas for business such as the knowledge of the workforce, the health of and the quality of the infrastructure of the economy, such as Customer protection laws: These laws are designed to protect customers against unfair practices such as confusing descriptions of the product related auto mobile. Opposition laws: These are aimed at protecting small firms against bullying by larger firms and ensuring customers are not exploited by firms with monopoly power. Employment or labour laws: These cover areas such as discharge, working hours and minimum wages. Health and safety: These laws are aimed at ensure the workplace is as safe as is reasonably practical. They face issues such as training, reporting accidents and the appropriate provision of safety equipment. (E)conomic factors Economic Environment refers what is happening within the economy, for example; economic growth, interest rate, exchange rate, inflation rate, demand, wages rate etc. Marketers need to consider the trading economy in short term and long term. Economic factors have major impacts on how business operate and how to they make decisions. Hero Honda has been strongly committed not only to environmental management programmes but also express the increasingly inseparable balance between the economic concerns and the environmental and social issues faced by a business. A business must not grow at the expense of mankind and mans future but rather must provide mankind. (S)ocial factors Social factors include the demographic and cultural aspects of the external macro environment. These factors affect customer needs and the size of possible markets. Changes in social trends can contact on the demand for a firms products and the availability and willingness of individuals to work. Culture is the set of morals and attitudes that are approved by a group of people and transferred from one generation to another. Social factors include health awareness, population rate, age, importance on safety. Hero Honda auto mobile change various management strategies use different strategies related age, gender, categories in society (income of society). Hero Honda has been set up on 40 acres of land along the Delhi-Jaipur Highway. The Centre-complete with wide approach roads, clean water, and education facilities for both adults and children-now nurtures a vibrant, educated and healthy community. Hero Honda taken up by the Foundation includes: Raman Munjal Memorial Hospital Raman Munjal Sports Complex Vocational Training Centre Adult Literacy Mission Marriages of underprivileged girls Rural Health Care : We must do something for the society from whose land we generate our prosperity. A quote from Chairman of Hero Honda Motors Pvt.Ltd. (T)echnological factors Technological factors include environmental and natural aspects, such as Research Development activity, technology incentive. Technology has played a essential role in developing the transportation system. Technology has also positively affected the economic status of some countries. It is generally practical that the countries employing a high level technology is a well advanced state. It has increased productivity and has contributed actually in producing more quantity with quality. Some benefits of technology in production process are: Reducing the record wastage. fewer waiting time. Decreased over production. -Reduces avoidable activities of employees. Hero Honda committed at all levels to achieve high quality in anything they do, mainly in their products and services which will meet and exceed customers growing aspiration through- Innovation in products processes and services. Continuous improvement in our total quality management systems. Teamwork and responsibility. (E)nvironmental Factors Environmental factors include the weather and climate change. Changes in temperature can impact on many industries including agriculture, tourism and insurance. With major climate changes happening due to global warming and with larger environmental awareness this external factor is becoming a major issue for firms to consider. Hero Honda environmental awareness of our employees and dealers , while promoting their involvement in ensuring noise environmental management. Institutionalise resource conservation, in particular, in the areas of oil, water, electrical energy, paints and chemicals. fulfil with all applicable environmental legislation and also controlling their environmental discharges. (L)egal Environment factor Marketing decision is affected by developments in legal environment. This environment is related of different types laws, government policies. Sometimes these laws also create new opportunities for business. (Kotler, p 2003). Legal environment refers to what is happening with changes to legislation. Legal Environment impact resources, import export, taxation, employment etc. It is reflect the policy framework and the move towards of the Governmental structure of the country and ensure that every company is performance as per the legislative structure of the country. SWOT analysis of Hero Honda (S)trengths: Sales Increase: Hero Honda experienced great growth throughout its early days. By 2002 Hero Group had sold 86 million bicycles producing 16000 bicycles a day. Today Hero Honda has many different models of motorcycles available. It holds the most popular bike in the world by sales for Its Splendor model in last many years. b) Fuel efficiency: Over all fuel consumption by its products is less in compare to other brands product. Hero Honda able to give better mileage. Because of this Hero Honda splendor has magical sales record and the reason of mileage. c) Service : Hero Honda offers free services on all their two-wheelers. Customer avail all these service within the time period or kilo metre range. d) High financial performance: The Hero Honda financial information shows that it has strong financial background in terms of sales, profit and assets. Honda Motors Ltd. the worlds largest two-wheeler manufacturer, today reported 31% per cent growth in profit after tax at Rs 275 crore for the third quarter October-December of financial year 2007-08. (W)eaknesses: a) High maintenance: Some of the products of hero Honda like Karizma, CBZ, Hunk require high maintenance. Less promotion and Lack of recycling scrap: The promotions and of Hero Honda are very less to its competitors and they have problem of recycling scrap. c) Labour relations: In Hero Honda Company there is no labour organized and family member of employees. The majority of the production workers, who are hired through contractors, these benefits are out of reach. (O)pportunities: a) Good will of the company: With new launch Hero honda can be benefited at present market scenario like Karizma, CBZ, Hunk has huge attraction in the younger generation because of its style, look, and power at high speeds. (T)hreats: Technical aspect: Competitor bike like Bajaj pulsar and TVS apache are threat to Hero Honda product like Karizma, CBZ and Hunk in respect to fuel economy. So if they dont short out in the new launches and give something extra in its engineering performance it may affect in demand of this company product. Inflation: If inflation increases the cost of raw material used in production will go high and selling price of product may go high that may decrease demand of the two wheeler.

Dr Kings Vision of Economic and Social Justice Essay -- Martin Luther

Not many folks remember that the 1963 "March on Washington" was officially named "March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom." This fact often gets lost amid the important celebration of the general achievement and highlights such as the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s "I Have a Dream" oration. Indeed, the theme of job creation runs though Dr. King’s writings. Perhaps no single policy could have as great a social and economic impact on the African American community—and the entire country—as federally funded job assurance for every person ready and willing to work. This is a policy approach that was explicitly supported by Dr. King, and that is currently receiving attention in economic and policy circles. In an article in Look published just after his assassination (King, 1968), Dr. King wrote that: "We call our demonstration a campaign for jobs and income because we feel that the economic question is the most crucial that black people, and poor people generally, are confronting." Thirty-three years later, at the peak of a peacetime economic expansion heralded as the longest and strongest in recent history, not only is the African American unemployment rate stuck at twice that of whites, but at around 8% that figure remains at a rate that would be considered evidence of a deep recession were it to hold for society as a whole: There is a literal depression in the Negro community. When you have mass unemployment in the Negro community, it’s called a social problem; when you have mass unemployment in the white community, it’s called a depression. The fact is, there is a major depression in the Negro community. The unemployment rate is extremely high, and among Negro youth, it goes up as high as forty percent in some cities. (Kin... ...ew, 15, April. Other Works Cited Darity, Jr., William A. Darity and Samuel L. Myers, Jr. (with Emmett D. Carson and William Sabol), 1994, The Black Underclass: Critical Essays on Race and Unwantedness, New York: Garland. Darity, Jr., William A. and Derrick Hamilton, 2001, "A Test of the Functionality of Discrimination," presented at Allied Social Science Annual Meetings, New Orleans, January. Other Work on Public Service Job Assurance Carlson, Ellen, and William F. Mitchell, 2000, The Path to Full Employment and Equity, ELRR: Economic and Labour Relations Review, Supplement to Volume 11. Warner, Aaron, Mathew Forstater, and Sumner Rosen, 2000, Commitment to Full Employment, Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe. Wray, L. Randall, 1998, Understanding Modern Money: The Key To Full Employment and Price Stability, Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar.

Astrology, Our World, Our Adventure :: essays research papers fc

(Insert Name) (Insert Class) (Insert Date Due)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Astrology, Our World, Our Adventure†¦   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Astrology, and the wonders of the solar system†¦ Astrology is not just about the stars; it’s about the stars, constellations, the nine planets, meteors and asteroids, the sun, moons, and the constellations. The solar system is very complex, yet it has many extraordinary objects.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are four different types of stars: Protostars, Bright Stars, Red Giants, and White Dwarfs. Protostars are stars that are just in the verge of being born. They are glowing clouds of interstellar dust and gas. Causing the protostar to collapse, gravity pulls on every atom moving them towards the center. Over a period of twenty million years the star begins to form, and in 10 million years after the pocket of gas formed, a star is born. The second types of stars, Bright Stars, are formed when the new star has completed about 35 million years of its life cycle. A star’s life cycle is a lot like a human’s, except a star’s years are in millions. When a star is about 10 million years old, it is in the same stage as a regular human-for instance in 10 million years a star is in the same stage as a human that is about twenty. The birth and death of stars are also called Stellar Evolution. A Bright star occurs when nuclear fusion doubles the star i n size. The third types of stars, Red Giants, are made because the outward flow of the star’s core energy stops. Gravity then steps in, squeezing the star making it decrease in size. The core’s heat increases and it starts releasing small amounts of energy, the energy holds a large amount of hydrogen gas. The star then begins to grow larger, but it does not get brighter. As a result of the sudden and quick temperature-drop, the star’s color changes from blue-white to a red. In groups called Globular Clusters (groups of up to one million stars that move through space), are where most of the Red Giants have been found. In the fourth types of stars, White Dwarfs, the star begins cooling off; and as a result of that, the outer gas layer spreads out. The star’s temperature drops again, making the gas layer spread out even more. Eventually, the outer layer spreads out so far, it separates from the star. Then, a Planetary Nebula (cloud of glowing atoms), moves i n all directions.

Cronic Hunger

People often misunderstand and misuse the word, hunger. Hunger isn’t the sound our stomach makes due to not eating for a few hours. Hunger is a disease that arises when people don’t get enough food to provide the nutrients to experience a healthy active life. Hunger is a reality and growing issue. It is not an issue that has recently began; it has been on going for years.A person at risk of going hungry has surged since the start of the recession. Most people are ignorant to the fact that hunger is present and exists only in Third world countries, and not in First world countries. This is the reason why I have donated some of my time to attempt to create a change. I decided to work with a food pantry in one of the richest Counties in California, Orange County.The Saddleback Church and its members have created this organization to end chronic hunger in their area. The organization has been such a success that not every member is a volunteer, but most are employees, that have turned their passion in helping others into a full time job. As a volunteer I was what is called, a shopper. As a shopper I would help one family at a time in their shopping needs, depending on the size of the family is the amount of food they were given. In Sociology Chronic hunger is associated with poverty and economic inequality. There are three main theoretical perspectives in sociology, structural functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. These theoretical perspectives all give ideas and reasons to the nature, causes, and consequences of poverty and economic inequality.The structural- functionalist perspective believes poverty occurs from institutional breakdown. Economic institutions that fail to provide the necessities to not live in poverty. It does not all rely on the scarce amount of jobs, but as well on the education of both parents and school to educate children on the participation of the workforce. Overall the structural- functionalist perspect ive agrees that economic inequality is more beneficial to society than degrading. Due to the motivation it brings some individuals to succeed, and acquire higher achievements, in both education and the workforce that will later have a high reward.The functionalist perspective also believes poverty is needed for society to function. It creates low paying jobs that are needed, farm workers, gardeners, childcare workers, and restaurant workers. If there was not  poverty in society who would do these needed low paying jobs? Then there is the conflict perspective, it believes and states that because there is conflict in society there will be poverty in society as well. If there is wealthy people there has to be poor people, it balances society out.Wealthy people are self-centered and believe they deserve to be at the high position in society that they are. They view every lower class and poverty as a needed part of society, based on inequality. Over all the conflict perspective views p overty and conflict as a need and necessity to try to fix the problem of inequality. Lastly there is, symbolic interactionist perspective, which focuses on how meanings, labels, and definitions affect and are affected by social life. Society gives meanings and labels to everything. These meanings and labels affect the labeled and often cause them consequences. Individuals labeled, poor, are stigmatized as lazy, irresponsible, ignorant, and worthless.Soon they begin to believe and lack motivation to surpass this living. Due to these symbols existing and causing consequences to people there will always be poverty in our society. Whether it is, structural-functionalist perspective, conflict perspective or symbolic interactionist the reason for how, and why poverty exists, they are all linked to chronic hunger. Chronic hunger regardless is an issue in our society, and needs to be decreased. I absolutely loved the experience I had volunteering at the Saddleback food pantry. The best part about it was seeing every family’s appreciation for not only the food they had been given, but also your individual donated time.Just like them I also valued them for having taught me to appreciate what I have more. Due to this experience I now try to remember to say grace before every meal I have. Unfortunately there were some incidents that I experienced that were shocking and saddening. A few families that I helped shop did not understand that there were other families that were also relying on this food to get through another day. They would repeatedly ask me if they could have more than the amount they were suppose to have of a certain item. I would explain to them the reasons why not, and often they would get upset with me.One family actually began to take more than they were suppose to, after I had explained to them why they couldn’t. Besides having experienced these few incidents I am absolutely glad I volunteered at The Saddleback food pantry. The grateful, a ppreciative families surpass the few unfortunate  incidents I experienced. I would without a doubt, and hesitations redo the whole process.

A Socio-Demographic Characteristics

INTRODUCTION military personnel ecology is the scientific use up of characteristics and kinetics pertaining to the human tribe. It is expanded to imply knowledge, income, the social system of the family unit, housing, hie or ethnicity, and religion. The characteristics traver believed by this discipline include size, growth rate, density, brisk statistics, and dispersion of a specified population. People who study and put big bucks this culture be referred to as demographers. Demographers essential know both how to scientifically beat information and how to interpret it relatively.Demography is wide used for various purposes and bunghole encompass small, tar get alonged populations or mass populations. Govern handsts use human ecology for political observations, scientists use human ecology for search purposes, and businesses use demography for the purpose of advertising. In real estate, demography is employed to consider clients an overview of particular nei ghborhoods. Statistical concepts essential to demography include birth and death rate, babe mortality rate, fertility rate, and life forethought. These concepts can be further broken down into more specific entropy, such as the ratio of men to women and the life expectancy of each gender.A census helps yield much of this information, in addition to vital statistic records. In close to studies, the demography of an cranial orbit is expanded to include reproduction, income, the structure of the family unit, housing, look sharp or ethnicity, and religion. The information congregationed and examine for a demographic overview of a population depends on the party utilizing the information. Advertising relies severely on demography, since service and goods providers eng jump on specific information to reach the maximum design of potential customers in their target audience.Similarly, education relies on demography to help gather information to provide necessary political and local assistance. An example of large-scale demography is the collection of demographic information for an sinless country. Such information might be used to determine a need for world assistance due to famine, disease, or other heartbreaking issues. Demography is an fire apprehension used to create statistics. Sociology, which is the study of inn and social behavior, is an example of an sovereign argona of study in which demography is frequently used. Economics is in addition a specific ara of study employing the science of emography. Anyone can review basic information about the demography of the United States by reviewing the well-nigh recent US census. Moreover, this prospect is important to know the Socio-demographic Characteristics of the Stakeh of age(predicate)ers of First social class train in Caridad National soaring tutor. Objective of the study With our study getting on surveying the Socio-demographic Characteristics of the Stakeholders of First divisio n Level in Caridad National higher(prenominal) school sentence. School grade 2011-2012. This study is accommodate towards the l takeing the fol lower-rankinging factors a. era is a period of human life. It is measured by twelvecalendar months from birth, usually marked by a certain st eon or degree of mental or carnal development and involving legal responsibility and capacity. b. grammatical gender is the sum of the structural and functional differences by whichthe potent and fe virile argon distinguished. c. educational advancement is terms refer to the highest take aim of education that an one-on-one has completed. d. Relationship of the students refers to the confederacy or association to the respondents whether the students is their son, daughter, relative and sister. e. matrimonial post the condition of being conjoin or unmarried or single. . personal credit line is a persons usual or promontory gain or business, especially as a means of earning a living. g. periodical income is a convertible and callable (usually subsequently(prenominal) a call protection period) sh atomic number 18s that choose a bun in the oven a fixed monthly dividend. reaching and Limitation of the study The following factors were analyse age gender marital attitude relationship of the students educational attainment employment and monthly income of the respondents. METHODOLOGY A. Locale and clipping of the study This survey was conducted and fly the cooped on January 7-8, 2012 in Caridad and Hilapnitan Baybay City Leyte. B. PopulationStakeholders in the cover bea by this survey or the respondents ar stakeholders in First Year Level at Caridad National advanced School. C. Instrumentation The main instrument that we are using in this research was the querier and secondary data as well. The questions include the following factors age gender marital military position relationship of the students educational attainment crease and monthly income of the r espondents. D. Procedure in Gathering Data The researchers in gathering the data made a social function by this way a. First, is making and creating some questions about the biography and aspects of the respondents. . Second, is going to their individual houses to conduct direct one-on-one interview. small-arm asking and questioning at that place moldiness be a picture for evidence. c. Lastly, after accomplishing and completing the data, tabulated vector sum is made as well as the chart. E. Data synopsis Using simple analysis, the data were unify and compiled according to age, gender, marital condition, relationship of the students, educational attainment, vocation and monthly income of the respondents. It is presented in hold overs and varied kinds of graph or charts. Result and tidings A. Age DistributionAge dispersion, as well as called Age Composition,in population studies, the proportionate casts of persons in successive age categories in a given population. Age distributions differ among countries mainly because of differences in the levels and trends of fertility. a period of human life, measured by categorys from birth, usually marked by a certain stage or degree of mental or strong-arm development and involving legal responsibility and capacity. As you can see in the table or graph below, the age 41-45 has the highest routine of age which is 25% or 33 respondents in all both manly and fe priapic.And that was closely followed with 23% or 30 numbers pool of respondents who belongs of the age of 46-50. but at that place are equal in relative frequency as well as the parting which is 20 or 15% and the age of that are 26-35 and 55-61 years old. While the net percentage of 2 which is 22-25 years old. put off 1 frequency distribution by age of the respondents. Age frequency accumulative oftenness percent (%) 22-25 2 one hundred thirty 2 26-35 20 128 15 36-40 25 108 19 41-45 33 83 25 46-50 30 50 23 55-61 20 20 15 recruit 1 Chart of age distribution of the respondents B. grammatical gender DistributionGender is a cozy identity, especially in relation to society or culture. Gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behavior, activities and attributes that a particular society considers appropriate for men and women. The table below contains the division of the manful and female stakeholders in first year level. In our result, on that point are 69 numbers of respondents who are female and on that point percentage is 53%. For the stakeholders of a male there are but 61 and 47 percent. And so, it means that there are many stakeholders in first year level at Caridad National noble School. hedge 2 oftenness distribution by gender of the respondents. Gender Frequency accumulative Frequency pct (%) potent 61 130 47 female 69 69 53 epithet 2 Chart of gender distribution of the respondents C. Marital shape Marital status is the condition of being married or unmarried. Marital status studied in combi nation with other factors also reveals a marriage gap. A persons marital status indicates whether the person is married. Based on the result of the data regarding about their marital status, stakeholders who are married has 89% or 116 numbers of respondents and the unmarried parents are entirely when 4.And a single mother or nonplus is 10 sole(prenominal). Therefore, married stakeholders get the highest number in terms of marital status. hold over 3 Frequency distribution by marital status of the respondents Marital circumstance Frequency accumulative Frequency Percentage (%) Married 116 130 89 single(a) 4 14 3 bingle 10 10 8 purpose 3 Chart of marital status of the respondents D. Relationship of the students A relationship is commonly viewed as a connection surrounded by two individuals, such as a romantic or intimate relationship, or a parentchild relationship.Individuals can also establish relationships with groups of people, such as the relation between a government minister and his congregation, an uncle and a family, or a mayor and a town. Out of the 130 respondents, 68 or 52% is their daughter and 57 or 44% is their son. And the relative is only 4, whereas their sister is only 1% or 1 number of students. It means that well-nigh of the stakeholders are their child is a girl. tabulate 4 Frequency distribution by relationship of the students to the respondents Relationship Frequency accumulative Frequency Percentage (%) Son 57 130 44Daughter 68 73 52 Relative 4 5 3 Sister 1 1 1 habitus 4 Chart of relationship of the students to the respondents E. Educational progression Distribution Educational attainment is a term commonly used by statisticians to refer to the highest degree of education an individual has completed. Educational attainment refers to the highest level of education that an individual has completed. As you can see in the table below, the highest level of educational attainment is high school tweak both male and female and f ollowed by high school undergraduate.And in primary undergraduate there are only 34 or 36% stakeholders. But in elementary graduate there are only 4 who graduated. In college level 10 of them are college undergraduate and 8 or 6% are college graduate. It means that there are only a few(prenominal) stakeholders who graduated in college and also in elementary. Table 5 Frequency distribution by educational attainment with the respondents Educational Attainment Frequency Cumulative Frequency Percentage (%) basal undergrad 34 130 26 Elementary Graduate 4 96 3 High School Undergraduate 35 92 27High School Graduate 39 57 30 College Undergraduate 10 18 8 College Graduate 8 8 6 Figure 5 Chart of educational attainment of the respondents F. business sector Distribution Occupation an activity that serves as ones regular parentage of livelihood a vocation. An activity active in especially as a means of passing time an avocation. A persons usual or principal work or business, especially a s a means of earning a living. Based on the result of the data regarding about their transmission line there are only few have a serious agate line and there are many have non.In laminitiss line the highest percentage is 19 or 15% which is the farmer and in mothers occupation are 50 or 38% who are housekeeper only. It means that there are few who earn a big and high stipend a month. monthly income is connected with occupation of the stakeholders, because salary depend only the occupation of the respondents. Table 6 Frequency distribution by occupation of the father. Occupation of the father Frequency Cumulative Frequency Percentage (%) fisher cat 4 61 3 g swanr 19 57 15 Housekeeper 3 38 2 Security fight back 1 35 1 self-propelling 2 34 2 baker 1 32 1 driver 4 31 3 manual laborer 1 27 1 carpenter 5 36 4 factory worker 5 21 4 Construction 2 16 2 Machinist 1 14 1 Scrap buyer 1 13 1 Maintenance 1 12 1 Caregiver 1 11 1 Mechanic Expeller 2 10 2 Business 2 8 2 Barangay Police 2 6 2 Banana vendor 1 4 1 Barber 1 3 1 Furniture cleric 1 2 1 Welder 1 1 1 Table 6. 1 Frequency distribution by occupation of the mother. Occupation of the mother Frequency Cumulative Frequency Percentage (%) Housekeeper 50 69 38 Manicurist 1 19 1 Teacher 2 18 2 Barangay Health Workers 1 16 1Banana seller 2 15 2 Cooker 1 13 1 Factory Worker 3 12 2 Laundry Woman 3 9 2 Business 2 6 2 Market Vendor 1 4 1 setting hen 1 3 1 amah 1 2 1 Barangay monument 1 1 1 Figure 5 Chart of occupation of the father Figure 5. 1 Chart of occupation of the mother G. periodical income Distribution Monthly income is a solemn binding omen to do, give, or refrain from doing something signed a pledge never to reveal the concealed a pledge of money to a charity. The table and graph below contains the monthly income of the respondents that is range from 1000-20000 pesos.The table and graph furnish that 1000-1500 has the highest number of families which is 26 numbers in all and 10000-20000 has the lowest n umber of families which is 2 percent. It means that many families earn low salary in a month and there are imperceptible families who earn high emolument. And this is because of their occupation. Table 7 Frequency distribution by monthly income with the respondents Monthly income Frequency Cumulative Frequency Percentage (%) 1000-1500 26 70 20 2000-2500 11 44 8 3000-3500 7 33 5 4000-4500 5 26 4 5000-5500 7 21 5 6000-6500 3 14 2 7000-7500 4 11 3 000-9000 2 7 2 10000-20000 5 5 4 Figure 7 Chart of monthly income of the respondents summary Demography is the scientific study of characteristics and dynamics pertaining to the human population. It is expanded to include education, income, the structure of the family unit, housing, race or ethnicity, and religion. The characteristics encompassed by this study include size, growth rate, density, vital statistics, and distribution of a specified population. Based on the interview, stakeholders in First Year Level at Caridad National High Schoo l are aging 22-61 years old and the highest percentage is 41-45.In educational attainment, it suggests that most of the stakeholders are high school graduate. For their gender, it explains that there are many stakeholders are male and in marital status, married stakeholders get the highest frequency. For their monthly income, it tells that most of the families have only earned 1000-1500 pesos in a month and this income is non enough for the families need. For the relationship of the students, stakeholders are supporting their son. For the occupation distribution, many stakeholders have no permanent or serious job like farmer for the male and housekeeper for the female.When the occupation of the parents is not permanent, then their monthly income also is not permanent or their salary is low. CONCLUSION Based from the data gathered and after a essential analysis, it was concluded that 41-45 is the highest age of respondents. In educational attainment high school undergraduate and hi gh school graduate are the highest. For the monthly income, 1000-1500 is the highest percent. And farmer and housekeeper are the highest range for the occupation of the stakeholders RECOMMENDATION Throughout the only survey, commitment, dedication and hard work are strongly recommended.Without the said words, the research is not possible. Knowing that in a team, a group of people does not necessarily agree and are likes with one another. Problems, obstacles, hindrance, and arguments are always present yet this should not outweigh the commitment, dedication and hard work that are present. Also, effort and time commission is very important. Effort and time way should always be present since without it the time allotted for the survey might be put to waste, thus having problems, hindrance and obstacles in the later on. Reference * http//www. wisegeek. com/what-is-demography. tm * http//www. merriam-webster. com/mental lexicon/demography * http//www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/ 8904/age-distribution * http//www. thefreedictionary. com/marital+status * http//www. census. gov/hhes/socdemo/education/ * http//wiki. answers. com/Q/Occupation_distribution_of_India_in_various_sectors_-_primary_secondary_and_tertiary * http//www. answers. com/topic/demography * Libres Jocelyn, Castro Arche, Santianez Marjorie, Bandialan Irene, Avila Ritchie, Moreno Jovanie (Socio demographic Characteristics of students) * Websters Universal Dictionary and thesaurus (2009)